Gasoline or diesel Kinds and Variants at Gasoline or diesel Stations Can Include Petrol,Diesel,LPG,Bio Diesel and also Bio Fuel

Bio fuel

Any solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel produced from organic (once living) matter, either straight from plant life or indirectly from manufacturing, commercial, residential, or agricultural wastes. There are 3 main methods for the development of bio fuels: the burning of dry organic wastes (such as residential refuse, conventional and cultivation wastes, straw, wood, and peat); the fermentation of wet wastes (such as animal dung) in the absence of oxygen to produce bio gas (containing up to 60% methane), or the fermentation of sugar cane or maize to produce alcohol and ester; and energy forestry (producing fast-growing lumber for fuel).
Fermentation produces two main types of bio fuels: alcohol and ester. These could in theory be used in place of fossil fuels but, because major alterations to engines would be required, bio fuels are usually mixed with fossil fuels. The EU allows 5% ethanol, derived from wheat, beet, potatoes, or maize, to be added to fossil fuels. In Brazil ethanol from sugar cane is used in cars run either on ethanol, on gasohol (a blend of petrol and ethanol), or on both ("dual fuel"" motors). Ethanol replaces 40% of the petrol that the world would use for motor transport.

Bio diesel

This is produced from environment friendly energy resources such as sugar beet, rape seed, palm oil and sunflower. It is a biological substitute for usual diesel. Bio diesel is more environmentally friendly than conventional cars which run on petrol and diesel for many reasons; it is not toxic and doesn't produce as much damaging exhaust emissions. Even though bio diesel produces carbon dioxide as a by-product, the plants developed to result in the fuel absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. This means that the net carbon emission into the atmosphere is much less than non bio fuels such as petrol. Although there is a danger of deforestation in rainforests to create space for plantations needed to create bio diesel. Bio diesel is not available at all gas stations but can usually be purchased for less than the price of diesel and unleaded petrol. You could even get free bio diesel if you collect old oil from dining places and filter it on your own.
Bio ethanol
This is a biological petroleum substitute for petroleum and is made from environmentally friendly energy sources. It has much the the same benefits as bio diesel but is considerably common, Its popularity as a bio product is increasing however.

The long-run oil price forecasts are very different, owing to the high level of anxiety on a host of critical elements.

At a late summit of aficionados in Russia that illustrates the wide range in predictions even just for local supplied crude the Russian Ministry of Energy, or Minenergo, the "official" government estimate has oil prices low - at about $80 a barrel in 2013.
However, there were other approximations put in front. The Ministry of Finance (MinFin) set up what can only be described as a economic recession approach. This educated guess puts oil prices at $62-$65 a barrel.
Then there is the Ministry of Economic Development (MED). MED considered both domestic and external trade considerations. The estimate coming from this ministry was lower than that of Minenergo, but at $75 a barrel was higher than that of MinFin.
Against this foundation of different forecasts made by conflicting Russian ministries, estimations from the outside including many are also varied but many are tending to the upside.
Granted, all of the non-Russian suggestions cite the three unknowns limiting the cost of crude elsewhere: the fiscal cliff, the Eurozone debt crisis, and the expected levels of productivity and demand coming from China.
A strong consensus did emerge from North American and European experts it will rise
The overwhelming view is that oil prices will be moving higher up next year, although the continuing volatility will guarantee that this is hardly going to be a straight line progress.
Even still, there will be a number of features that will push Brent and WTI prices as much as 20% higher next year-particularly in the first quarter.
2013 Oil Price Forecast: Oil Prices Are Set to Rise
On the European scene, The optimism noticed in Frankfurt and Warsaw a few weeks ago was more marked in Moscow among the Europeans there.
Not a soul believes the weakness in the continental economy will be disappearing anytime soon. But the stark anxiety of a collapse in the Eurozone, so much a staple of the talking heads on media throughout much of 2012, is simply missing as we move into the new year.
As for China, we must agreed that this has been consistent and is not causing the massive fluctuations predicted.
The Chinese economy has "cooled" to an annual rise in excess of 7%. The market demand level is still there and so is the influence level expected from a quickly extending Chinese middle class.
These three elements, therefore, are converging in a way to give a result of higher crude prices. All of them are on the demand side of the equation. As each improves, so also will the projections for oil and oil product volume.
Supply Fundamentals Will Drive Oil Prices Upward
On the source side, we continue to witness rising costs in both ordinary and unconventional crude production.
This development largely results from the smaller fields, inferior quality crude, and accelerating infrastructure expenses associated with drilling. Together with these are the ever-present geopolitical dilemmas in the Persian Gulf, Syria and North Africa.
These considerations translate into higher crude prices .
Should the Iranian circumstance deteriorate, or the standoff between Iraqi central forces and Kurdish provisional militia , the situation in the Persian Gulf alone would add a risk premium to both benchmarks as well.
Most Indicators for the coming year are pointing to a rise with inherent fluctuations but consumers tend only to experience the rises not any short term decreases

The single biggest factor in the price tag of gasoline is the cost of the crude oil from which it is produced.

In recent years, the world's appetite for gasoline and diesel fuel grew so quickly that suppliers of these fuels had a complex time keeping up with demand. This need growth is a key reason why prices of both crude oil and gas reached record levels in mid-2008. Then price can be pushed straight down due to the worsening economy and fall of worldwide petroleum demand. These factors help gasoline prices to drop Then improvement in world economies and the political events in the Middle East and North Africa , the source of about one third of world oil production, adds up to the increases in crude oil and thus gas rates.

There are three main grades of gasoline, based on octane levels: regular, midgrade, and premium. The octane level of a fuel refers to its opposition to combustion; a fuel with a higher octane level will be less prone to pre-ignition and detonation, which is also known as engine knocking. Premium grade is the most expensive; the price difference between the two grades is typically a small tiny proportion per gallon.


So Just what Are the Main Segments of the Retail Price of Gasoline?
The cost to produce, transport, and sell gasoline to consumers includes:

The price of crude oil
Refining costs and profits
Circulation and marketing costs and profits
Taxation

Retail pump price ranges reflect these costs, as well as the profits (and sometimes losses) of refiners, marketers, distributors and retail station owners.

What Is what determines the Cost of Crude Oil?
The cost of crude oil as a share of the retail gasoline price varies over time and among parts of the Whole world. Crude oil prices are determined by both supply and demand factors. On the demand side of the equation, worldwide economic growth is the biggest factor. One of the major factors on the supply side is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which can sometimes exert extensive effects on prices by setting an upper production limit on its members, which produced about 43% of the world’s crude oil in 2011. OPEC countries have for the most part all of the world’s spare oil production limit, and possess about two-thirds of the world’s estimated crude oil reserves. Oil prices have often spiked in response to interruptions in the international and domestic supply of crude oil.

Taxes Add to the Price of Gas
National Federal, state, and local government taxes are the next largest part of the retail charge of fuel. These can make dramatic variations throughout the world

Refinement Overhead and Winnings
Refining costs and profits vary from country to country of the Modern world, partly due to the different gasoline products required in different parts of the world. The characteristics of the gasoline produced rely on the type of crude oil that is used and the type of processing technology available at the refinery where it is produced. Gasoline prices are also affected by the cost of other ingredients that may be blended into it, such as ethanol.

Distribution, marketing, and retail dealer costs and profits make up the remainder of the retail price of gasoline. Most gasoline is shipped from the refinery first by pipeline to terminals near consuming areas where it may be blended with other products (such as ethanol) to meet local government and market specifications, and is then delivered by tanker truck to particular gasoline stations.

Some service outlets are managed and managed by refiners, while others are independent businesses that purchase gasoline from refiners and marketers for resale to the public. The price point on the pump includes the retailer’s cost to purchase the finished gasoline and the costs of operating the service station. It also demonstrates local market conditions and properties, such as the desirability of the location and the marketing strategy of the owner.

The pricetag of doing business by individual dealers can vary greatly depending on where the dealer is located. These costs include wages and salaries, benefits, equipment, lease/rent, insurance, overhead, and state and local fees. Even retail place next to each other can have different traffic patterns, rents, and sources of supply that affect their prices. The amounts and location of local competitors can also affect prices.